Title: A Multi-Point Surveillance for Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles among Clinical Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria Recovered from Major Ha’il Hospitals, Saudi Arabia
Abstract:
The devastating nosocomial resistance is an on-going global concern. Surveillance of resistance is necessary for perfect patient care. This study was aimed to conduct a surveillance in four major Ha’il Hospitals from September to December 2020. Using a multipoint program, records of 621 non-duplicate Gram-negative cultures were tested across 21 drugs belonging to different categories. Major species were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 187, 30%), E. coli (n = 151, 24.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (n = 84, 13.6%), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 82, 13.3%), and Proteus mirabilis (n = 46, 7%). Based on recent resistance classifications, A. baumanni, P. aeruginosa, and enteric bacteria were defined as pan-resistant, extremely resistant, and multi-drug resistant, respectively. A. baumannii (35%) and K. pneumoniae (23%) dominated among coinfections in SARS-CoV2 patients. The “other Gram-negative bacteria” (n = 77, 12.5%) from diverse sources showed unique species-specific resistance patterns, while sharing a common Gram-negative resistance profile. Among these, Providencia stuartii was reported for the first time in Ha’il. In addition, specimen source, age, and gender differences played significant roles in susceptibility. Overall infection rates were 30% in ICU, 17.5% in medical wards, and 13.5% in COVID-19 zones, mostly in male (59%) senior (54%) patients. In ICU, infections were caused by P. mirabilis (52%), A. baumannii (49%), P. aeruginosa (41%), K. pneumoniae (24%), and E. coli (21%), and most of the respiratory infections were caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae and UTI by K. pneumoniae and E. coli. While impressive IC, hospital performances, andalternative treatment options still exist, the spread of resistant Gram-negative bacteria is concerning especially in geriatric patients. The high selective SARS-CoV2 coinfection by A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae, unlike the low global rates, warrants further vertical studies. Increased rate of resistances are multifactorial in Saudi Arabia because of its position as the largest economic and pilgrimage area with close social and cultural ties in the region. However, introduction of advanced inter-laboratory networks for genome-based surveillances is expected to reduce nosocomial resistances.
Biography:
Safia Ali is a professor in college of Medicine , Alexandria University , Egypt and Hail University as well .She is teaching both undergraduate and postgraduates together with doing lots of research works . She works also at King Salman Specialist hospital , Saudi Arabia which is considered as one of the most important COVID center in Saudi Arabia . She is interested in COVID researches and participation in conferences as speaker or as poster presenter .
